Tell me about venereal diseases, how they start, their treatment?Venereal Diseases are sexually transmitted infections. in short STIs. how the start is when you have unprotected sex with an infected person. the goodness is most of VDs are treatable apart from HIV which they haven't found the cure yet. the treatment for these VDs are antibiotics hey just remember to have protected sex antibiotics. What are Venereal Diseases, STDs and STIs?
Until the 1990s, such afflictions were commonly known as venereal diseases: Veneris is the Latin genitive (possessive) form of the name Venus, the Roman goddess of love. More recently, public health officials introduced newer terms such as sexually transmitted disease in efforts to improve the clarity of their warnings to the public. The term sexually transmitted disease remains in common use; however, clinicians are increasingly using the term sexually transmitted infection and sometimes distinguish the two.
According to http://www.etharc.org: "Sometimes the terms STI and STD are used interchangeably. This can be confusing and not always accurate, so it helps first to understand the difference between infection and disease. Infection simply means that a germ 鈥?virus, bacteria, or parasite 鈥?that can cause disease or sickness is present inside a person鈥檚 body. An infected person does not necessarily have any symptoms or signs that the virus or bacteria is actually hurting their body (they do not necessarily feel sick). A disease means that the infection is actually causing the infected person to feel sick, or to notice something is wrong. For this reason, the term STI 鈥?which refers to infection with any germ that can cause an STD, even if the infected person has no symptoms 鈥?is a much broader term than STD." The distinction being made, however, is closer to that between a colonization and an infection, rather than between an infection and a disease.
STD vs STI
Specifically, the term STD refers only to infections that are causing symptoms or problems. Because most of the time people do not know that they are infected with an STD until they start showing symptoms of disease, most people use the term STD, even though the term STI is also appropriate in many cases. Moreover, the term sexually transmissible disease is sometimes used since it is less restrictive in consideration of other factors or means of transmission. For instance, meningitis is transmissible by means of sexual contact but is not labeled as an STI because sexual contact is not the primary vector for the pathogens that cause meningitis. This discrepency is addressed by the probability of infection by means other than sexual contact. In general, an STI is an infection that has a negligible probability of transmission by means other than sexual contact, but has a realistic means of transmission by sexual contact (more sophisticated means鈥攂lood transfusion, sharing of hypodermic needles鈥攁re not taken into account). Thus, one may presume that, if a person is infected with an STI (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes), it was transmitted to him/her by means of sexual contact..
References
1. http://www.cdc.gov
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[edit] Treatment
American poster propaganda targeted at World War II soldiers and sailors appealed to their patriotism in urging them to protect themselves. The text at the bottom of the poster reads, "You can't beat the Axis if you get VD." Images of women were used to catch the eye on many VD posters.
Spanish Civil War poster, produced by the Republican government, saying "Avoid venereal diseases... As dangerous as enemy bullets"Sexually transmitted diseases have been well-known for hundreds of years 鈥?the English language has short words for two of the most common: the "pox" (syphilis) and "the clap" (gonorrhea).
Prior to the invention of modern medicines, sexually transmitted diseases were generally incurable, and treatment was limited to treating the symptoms of the disease. The first voluntary hospital for venereal diseases was founded in 1746 at London Lock Hospital.[2]
The first effective treatment for a sexually transmitted disease was salvarsan, a treatment for syphilis. With the discovery of antibiotics, a large number of sexually transmitted diseases became easily curable, and this, combined with effective public health campaigns against STDs, led to a public perception during the 1960s and 1970s that they have ceased to be a serious medical threat.
During this period, the importance of contact tracing in treating STIs was recognized. By tracing the sexual partners of infected individuals, testing them for infection, treating the infected and tracing their contacts in turn, STI clinics could be very effective at suppressing infections in the general population.
In the 1980s, first genital herpes and then AIDS emerged into the public consciousness as sexually transmitted diseases that could not be cured by modern medicine. AIDS in particular has a long asymptomatic period 鈥?during which time HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus, which causes AIDS) can replicate and the disease can be transmitted to others 鈥?followed by a symptomatic period, which leads rapidly to death unless treated. Recognition that AIDS threatened a global pandemic led to public information campaigns and the development of treatments that allow AIDS to be managed by suppressing the replication of HIV for as long as possible. Contact tracing continues to be an important measure, even when diseases are incurable, as it helps to contain infection. VD starts from un protected sex with an infected prsonwho might not realise they are infected
check the link
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_tr... you are on the computer and asking about venereal diseases,get out of here and web search.it has more answers than we do. 'MEDS' not 'HIV' - The real killer
Don't believe what the drugs companies tell you.
WITHOUT HAART 'MEDS"
鈥淭hese long-term nonprogressors [Hiv+ people who remained healthy] are a heterogeneous group with respect to viral load and HIV-1 responses鈥one had been treated with antiretroviral agents.鈥?br>
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 12: 585 (1996)
鈥?Harrer, Thomas, et al, Aids Researchers
NOT ONE USED HAART
鈥淪ubjects: homosexual men in Amsterdam. 鈥淣one of the LTAs [long-term asymptomatics鈥損eople who remained healthy]鈥eceived any antiviral drugs during the study [7 years].鈥?br>
鈥淭en HIV+ people; 11-15 years infected; non-progressors [i.e., healthy]; maintained stable T-cell counts above 500. 鈥淭hese long-term nonprogressors鈥ll showed the same risk factor (sexual exposure), and all had...virus...and none had been treated with antiretroviral agents.鈥?br>
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 12: 585 (1996)
鈥?Harrer, Thomas, et al, Aids Researchers
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 171:811 (1995)
鈥?Hogervorst E, et al, Aids Researchers
_________
__________
WITH HAART
鈥溾€hoosing between many of these [HAART] combinations is, therefore, increasingly dependent upon knowledge of antiretroviral toxicities...[which include] myopathy [gross muscle atrophy] (zidovudine [AZT]), neuropathy (stavudine, didanosine, zalcitabine; hepatic steatosis and lactic acidaemia (didanosine, stavudine, zidovudine); and possible also peripheral lipoatrophy and pancreatitis (didanosine)...drug hypersensitivity... lipodystrophy...[including] peripheral fat loss (Presumed lipoatrophy in the face, limbs and buttocks) and central fat accumulation (within the abdomen, breasts and over the dorsocervical spine [so-called buffalo hump]...[and prevalent in] about 50% [of patients] after 12-18 months of therapy...Metabolic features significantly associated with lipodystrophy and protease-inhibitor therapy include hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, insulin resistance...and type 2 ...diabetes mellitus. Dyslipidaemia at concentrations associated with increased cardiovascular disease occurs in about 70% of patients. These metabolic abnormalities are more profound in those receiving protease inhibitors...Most cases of diabetes have been identified in recipients of protease inhibitors...Anemia and granulocytopenia affect about 5-10% of patients who receive zidovudine...Virtually all antiretroviral medications can cause nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea early in therapy...Diarrhea is probably most common with protease inhibitors...Most antiretroviral agents have been associated with hepatic [liver] toxicity...Most protease inhibitors seem to result in increased rates of spontaneous bleeding (bruising, haemarthrosis, and rarely intracranial haemorrhage) in haemophiliacs... 25-35% of patients cannot tolerate [AZT monotherapy] or triple combination therapy for 4 weeks...鈥?br>
Lancet. 2000 Oct 21;356:1423-0.
鈥?Carr A, Cooper DA, Aids Researchers
BLINDNESS
鈥淭his study was conducted to determine the likelihood of the development of [immune recovery vitritis, IRV], which causes vision loss in AIDS patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, who respond to HAART. We followed 30 HAART-responders鈥ymptomatic IRV developed in 19 (63%) of 30 patients.鈥?br>
J Infect Dis. 1999 Mar;179(3):697-700
CASTLEMAN'S DISEASE
鈥淩ecently, we observed an unusual cluster of cases of rapidly progressing multicentric Castleman鈥檚 disease. Fever, weakness, generalized enlargement of lymph nodes, and marked polyclonal gammopathy developed in three patients with AIDS...Two of these patients died within one week after the diagnosis, with generalized involvement of the lymphatic system, liver, and bone marrow at autopsy. A fourth patient with AIDS who died equally rapidly after the diagnosis of multicentric Castleman鈥檚 disease had been seen in our hospital 14 months earlier... symptoms鈥tarted after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in these three patients.鈥?br>
N Engl J Med. 1999 Jun 17;340(24):1923-4
鈥?Zietz C, et al, Aids Researchers
鈥?Karavellas MP, et al, Aids Researchers
DEATH
鈥溾€f the 70 patients studied, 84% were still alive after the 3-month study period...17 surviving patients (24%) had HAART regimens discontinued due to drug intolerance and 11 (16%) expired [died] during the study period...鈥?br>
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2001 Jan;21(1):41-51
NERVE DAMAGE
鈥淭he antiretroviral drugs currently licensed in the United Kingdom [June 1996] are zidovudine (azidothymidine [AZT]), zalcitabine (ddC) and didanosine (ddI). All three are nucleoside analogues...All are very toxic. Suppression of bone marrow elements can occur with any of the three, as can peripheral neuropathy [nerve damage].鈥?br>
Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin. 1996 Jun;178:675-8.
鈥?Ellis C.J., Leung D., Aids researchers
鈥淎 decrease in mtDNA [DNA of the mitochondria; the energy regulating entities within every cell] content was found in HAART-treated HIV-infected patients with peripheral fat wasting in comparison with subjects in the control cohorts...Lipodystrophy with peripheral fat wasting following treatment with NRTI [Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor]-containing HAART is associated with a decrease in subcutaneous adipose [under the skin fat] tissue.鈥?br>
AIDS. 2001;15:1801-9
鈥?Shikuma CM, Hu N, Milne C, et al, Aids Researchers
鈥楾hese drugs are as dangerous as chemotherapy,鈥?br>
鈥? HIV patients presenting LD [Lipodystrophy, all taking antiretroviral therapy] and 5 HIV non-LD controls participated in the study鈥tructural muscle abnormalities, mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction or mtDNA deletions were detected in all HIV lipodystrophic patients. The mitochondrial abnormalities found suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction could play a role in the development of antiretroviral therapy-related lipodystrophy. 鈥?br>
AIDS. 2001 Sep 7;15(13):1643-51
鈥?Zaera MG, et al, Aids Researchers
鈥淐ombination drug therapy, or the triple-drug 鈥榗ocktail鈥欌€ften provokes severe side effects鈥?鈥楾hese drugs are as dangerous as chemotherapy,鈥?warned Dr. James Kahn, UCSF associate professor of medicine鈥︹€?br>
鈥?Science Daily, Sep 4, 2001
SEXUAL DIFFICULTIES - Body distortions
鈥淸Chapters in this guide to HIV drugs are entitled Introduction, Appetite loss, Body distortions (lipodystrophy), Bone death and destruction, Cardiac concerns, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Gas and bloating, Hair loss, Headaches, Insulin resistance and diabetes, Kidney stones, Liver toxicity, Muscle aches and pains, Nausea and vomiting, Nightmares, daymares and sleeping difficulties, Pancreatitis, Peripheral neuropathy, Skin problems, Sexual difficulties, The end]鈥?br>
鈥?A Practical Guide to HIV Drug Side Effects, CATIE, 2002
HEART ATTACKS
鈥淯se of protease inhibitors was strongly associated with the likelihood of having a myocardial infarction [heart attack] and correlated with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia.鈥?br>
Lancet. 2002 Nov 30;360(9347)
鈥?Holmberg SD, et al, Aids Researchers |
