Explain the process of acquiring type II diabetes mellitus.?

What Causes Type 2 Diabetes?

Although it is more common than type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes is less well understood. It is likely caused by multiple factors and not a single problem.

Type 2 diabetes can run in families, but the exact nature of how it's inherited or the identity of a single genetic factor is not known.

What Are the Symptoms?

The symptoms of type 2 diabetes vary from person to person but may include:

Increased thirst.
Increased hunger (especially after eating).
Dry mouth.
Nausea and occasionally vomiting.
Frequent urination.
Fatigue (weak, tired feeling).
Blurred vision.
Numbness or tingling of the hands or feet.
Frequent infections of the skin, urinary tract or vagina.
Rarely, a person may be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes after presenting to the hospital in a diabetic coma.

Anyone can get type 2 diabetes. However, those at highest risk for the disease are those who are obese or overweight, women who have had gestational diabetes, people with family members who have type 2 diabetes and people who have metabolic syndrome (a cluster of problems that include high cholesterol, high triglycerides, low good 'HDL' cholesterol and a high bad 'LDL' cholesterol and high blood pressure). In addition, older people are more susceptible to developing the disease since aging makes the body less tolerant of sugars.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn't adequately process the carbohydrates ingested. Typically, the patient is overweight and sedentary. The older you get the more prone you become. To help avoid and minimize the disease, watch your diet and get plenty of cardiovascular exercise.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (formerly called diabetes mellitus type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), obesity related diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes) is a metabolic disorder that is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, relative insulin deficiency, and hyperglycemia.

Genetic factors, usually polygenic, are present in most patients. However, environmental factors such as obesity, lack of exercise and a sedentary lifestyle are thought by most observers to lead to insulin resistance. Certainly not all type 2 diabetics have a family history of the condition.

Insulin resistance means that body cells do not respond appropriately when insulin is present.

Other important contributing factors:

increased hepatic glucose production (eg, from glycogen degradation), especially at inappropriate times
decreased insulin-mediated glucose transport in (primarily) muscle and adipose tissues (receptor and post-receptor defects)
impaired beta-cell function - loss of early phase of insulin release in response to hyperglycemic stimuli
Cancer survivors who received allogenic Hematopoeitic Cell Transplantation (HCT) are 3.65 times more likely to report type 2 diabetes than their siblings. Total body irradiation (TBI) is also associated with a higher risk of developing diabetes

It is associated with overweight and age, but also has a strong genetic component. The process of acquiring it is too lengthy to describe properly in this tiny space, but here's a great article in straightforward language that explains it all.

http://darwin.nmsu.edu/~molbio/diabetes/...

overweight,lack of exercise,bad diet

type 2, or dm 11, is acquired after adulthood. this develops because of the failure of the pancreas, spec. the islet of langerhans cells, that produces insulin, to give out. when someone has been overweight for many adult years, the pancreas sort of wears out, and can't handle the glucose overload any more. some people can be thin, and also get this. the pancreas can fail to produce enough insulin in response to the glucose load [amount of calories/foods taken in}, some disease states, such as cancer of the pancreas, or celiac sprue, among others, the person can develop dm type 2 because the islets of langerhans' cells/pancreas, just isn't working right. the vast majority of dm type 2, however is from diet and lifestyle, too much intake, overweight, no exercise. hope that tells you what you want to know. good day.

Although the exact cause of Type I diabetes is unknown, current theory suggests an autoimmune process leads to destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas. Antibodies for beta-cells are present in seventy-five percent of all cases of Type I diabetes, compared to one-half percent to two percent of non-diabetics. The antibodies to the beta-cells appear to develop in response to cell destruction due to other mechanisms (chemical, free-radical, viral, food allergy, etc.).

Obesity is a major contributing factor to this loss of insulin sensitivity; approximately ninety percent of individuals with Type II diabetes are obese. In most cases, achieving ideal body weight is associated with restoration of normal blood sugar levels in these patients.

Diabetes, perhaps more than any other disease, is strongly associated with Western culture and diet as it is uncommon in cultures consuming a more "primitive" diet. However, as cultures switch from their native diets to the "foods of commerce," their rate of diabetes increases, eventually reaching the same proportions seen in Western societies.

Dietary modification and treatment is fun卢da卢mental to the successful treatment of both Type I and Type II diabetes. The dietary guidelines provided in Chapter 2 are especially important to follow for prevention and treatment. All simple, processed, and concentrated carbohydrates must be avoided. Low glycemic load foods (see Appendix 000) should be stressed and saturated fats should be kept to a minimum. Since diabetics have a higher incidence of death from cardiovascular disease (60-to-70 percent, versus 20-to-25 percent in people without diabetes), the dietary recommendations given in ATHEROSCLEROSIS are equally appropriate here.

Weight loss, in particular a significant decrease in body-fat percentage, is a prime objective in treating the majority of Type II diabetics; it improves all aspects of diabetes and may result in cure. For recommendations to promote weight loss see weight loss.

For both Type I and Type II diabetics, there are some specific foods that have been shown to produce positive effects on blood sugar control. These foods include olives, soybeans and other legumes, nuts, artichokes, bitter melon, garlic, Jerusalem artichokes, mangoes and onions. These foods all have a low glycemic index and glycemic load and are high in fiber.

Cinnamon may also be helpful in controlling blood sugar levels.