How can I find a Laboratory to test if the HPV that I have is high-risk for cancer? Your gynecologist can test you.
Don't forget 80% of people in the US will have HPV at sometime in their lives.
Go for yearly pap smears. If you do, the doctor will find the dysplasia (abnormal cells that you get prior to cervical cancer developing) before it becomes cancer.
They caught mine (and many of my friends) before it became cancer. Most of my friends have had dysplasia. Not one has gotten cancer.
I hope this helps put you at ease. Go to your GYNO. Any OB-GYN in the country should do this. Yet beware, not all tests are accurate all the time. Need to go to your obgyn. They should be able to tell from a pap smear (I think), if not, they'll do a colposcopy. You can't get a lab test without going to an obgyn to find out. Heyhey! Trainin to be a doc, so this is a odd question!
I assume you are refering to HPV being G-warts! If so, go see your fam/gp doc! Get a routine pap-smear! If anything in the results show up abnormal or borderline then you may need a colposcopy to view the cells of your cervix! Dont wory! Although HPV does vastly increase your chances of cell devision and cancer, as long as you have routine smears ect you will be fine!
Gd Luck and dont worry You need to go to your Gyno and they have special pap smear testing that can tell you what type of HPV or strain that you have I think I read that strain 16 is one if those that is linked to cancer if u go to ur OBGYN they can do a pap or a colposcopy. a pap can only show if u have HPV or not and obviously u kno u do so i would have them do a colposcopy. by doing this, they can tell u whether it has turned into cancer or not. hope all goes well I am assuming you are asking how a guy can find out if he carries high risk HPV through an HPV DNA test as the woman has to detect high risk HPV types of the cervix. If this is your question short answer is you can't. There is no FDA approve high risk DNA test for the male.
The doctor takes a sampling of cell of the transformation zone of the woman鈥檚 cervix. This is where typically abnormal cell can be found. The approve FDA DNA test looks for a high viral load of 13 high risk HPV types. The test is only good for the day it is taken...we can acquire HPV types with any sex partner. The virus can be transient meaning it can come and go. When the virus is in low load the test shows as a negative. The test does not screen for low risk HPV types....and it does not screen for all high risk HPV types but it does screen for the most common.
Patient Insert for the only FDA approved HPV test: This test can also be used on a biopsy of a lesion:
http://www.digene.com/pdf/L2290-P.I,%20h...
In the male the virus can affect the urethra, penis, scrotum any genital area. There is no small area to focus on. Just as there is no screening for high risk HPV types of the vulva. Vulva cells are not included in the sample gathered of the cervix. I have high risk HPV of the vulva and the vaginal area...my hpv was diagnosed after a hysterectomy that removed my cervix...never had a bad Pap before the hysterectomy...hysterectomy was done for non-cervical issues...no can was found in the specimens of the cervix. The lesion of the vulva was diagnosed a high risk HPV type due to biopsy. Vaginal vault smear diagnosed the high risk HPV of the vaginal cuff.
Research is underway to learn more regarding testing of the male, how HPV affects the male and if the vaccine will be of use in the male.
If you have had sex with a woman that has been diagnosed with high risk HPV type or types of the cervix, you probably carry an high risk HPV type of the genital area.
Condoms do not provide 100% protection due to the shedding of the virus and the fact that there is contact with the vulva and the base of the penis even with a condom. HPV can be transmitted even before you don a condom.
I wish you well.
Information on HPV testing in the male:
The optimal anatomic sites for sampling heterosexual men for human
papillomavirus (HPV) detection: the HPV detection in men study.
Giuliano AR, Nielson CM, Flores R, Dunne EF, Abrahamsen M, Papenfuss
MR, Markowitz LE, Smith D, Harris RB.
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
33612, USA. Anna.Giuliano@moffitt.org
Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men contributes
to infection and cervical disease in women as well as to disease in
men. This study aimed to determine the optimal anatomic site(s) for
HPV detection in heterosexual men.Methods. A cross-sectional study of
HPV infection was conducted in 463 men from 2003 to 2006. Urethral,
glans penis/coronal sulcus, penile shaft/prepuce, scrotal, perianal,
anal canal, semen, and urine samples were obtained. Samples were
analyzed for sample adequacy and HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction
and genotyping. To determine the optimal sites for estimating HPV
prevalence, site-specific prevalences were calculated and compared
with the overall prevalence. Sites and combinations of sites were
excluded until a recalculated prevalence was reduced by <5% from the
overall prevalence.Results. The overall prevalence of HPV was 65.4%.
HPV detection was highest at the penile shaft (49.9% for the full
cohort and 47.9% for the subcohort of men with complete sampling),
followed by the glans penis/coronal sulcus (35.8% and 32.8%) and
scrotum (34.2% and 32.8%). Detection was lowest in urethra (10.1% and
10.2%) and semen (5.3% and 4.8%) samples. Exclusion of urethra,
semen, and either perianal, scrotal, or anal samples resulted in a
<5% reduction in prevalence.Conclusions. At a minimum, the penile
shaft and the glans penis/coronal sulcus should be sampled in
heterosexual men. A scrotal, perianal, or anal sample should also be
included for optimal HPV detection.
PMID: 17955432 [PubMed - in process]
PENISCOPY IN DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE OF SUBCLINICAL HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS INFECTION
Ljubojevic S, Ljubojevic N1, Lipozencic J, Skerlev M, Zele-Starcevic L2 Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia 2Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
Background: Genital human papilloma virus (HPV) infections have risen dramatically over the past 30 years, and are now the most common courses of viral sexually transmitted disease (STD). Man are usually reservoir of the virus, which lives in latent form on genital mucous membranes, which as subclinical, asymptomatic infections can be oncogenic factor( s) in development of cervical cancer in female. Although penile skin hosts HPV frequently, cancer develops very rarely. However, sometimes they can develop penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions
Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to induce three different manifestations: clinical, subclinical, and latent infection. Clinical anogenital lesions are defined as those visible to the naked eye, without any enhancing techniques. They include a spectrum of diseases, from benign verruca vulgaris, condylomata acuminata, to malignant cervical, vulvar, anal or penile cancer. Using peniscopy, subclinical lesions can be classified as flat (at skin level), papular (raise slightly above the surface in circumscript area), papillary (obvious protrusion above the surface, forming papillary growth or papilloma), and classic condylomata (grossly recognizable protuberance with finely pointed epithelial excrescences). Latent infections are defined by presence of HPV DNA in areas with no clinical or histologic evidence of HPV infection.
Aim: of the study was to establish the frequency of HPV infection in asymptomatic male partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).
Material and methods: The study included 30 male partners of females with known CIN grade 3, which was previously diagnosed by cytological tests (PAPA smears), done by their gynecologists. All male partners were unaware of or denied the presence of a genital sites. Exfoliated cells from predilection sites of the external penile surface (corona glandis, frenulum, preputium, sulcus) and urethral meatus were obtained and analyzed by Dygene Hybrid Capture II method (2001 Digene, Gaithersburg, USA). for the presence of HPV DNA. The peniscopy with previous use of 5% acetic acid, applied for 5-10 minutes was performed in all male sexual partner.
Results: Nine out of 30 patients (30%) had positive HPV using Dygene Hybrid Capture method. Peniscopy showed various HPV associated changes (from condylomata plana to PIN lesions) in 28 (93%) patients. All 28 patients were properly treated.
Conclusion: Screening and treatment of male partners which sexual partners have CIN lesion are mandatory not only for the patient but also for epidemiological purposes, including prevention of carcinoma. Examination of the genitalia by colposcopic equipment (peniscopy) after application of 5% acetic acid has been claimed to be the most reliable method for the identification of subclinical HPV infection. Our data could confirm this importance.
The role of HPV DNA in the evaluation and follow-up of asymptomatic male sexual partners of females with CIN3.
Bar-Am A, Niv J.
Cervical Pathology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
PURPOSE: To determine whether and how asymptomatic sexual partners of females with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) lesions should be examined. METHODS: Sexual partners of females with CIN3 were evaluated for HPV-related lesions by scraping samples for high-risk HPV DNA and androscopy (colposcopic inspection of the penis, scrotum and peri-anal area). Abnormal androscopically detected lesions were sampled for cytology by Pap smears. RESULTS: 74 partners of 87 females were studied and underwent androscopy, and 17 (22.9%) had abnormal findings: 11/74 had clinical genital condyloma acuminata and 6/74 had aceto-white lesions on the penile shaft or scrotum. Cytology of the 17 abnormal androscopies showed that six smears were normal and 11 had atypia and koilocytosis. Positive high-risk HPV DNA indicated that 13/74 (17.5 %) were infected with HPV. Two partners (2/74, 2.8%) had concomitant HPV DNA 16. CONCLUSIONS: Male sexual partners of females with CIN3 should undergo androscopy and cytology of colposcopically detected abnormal areas.
Masculine side of HPV
Human papillomavirus is common in men too. Studies are underway to
determine if a male vaccine is needed.
With human papillomavirus, girls and women have been getting all the
attention.
Parents across the nation have rushed to have their daughters
vaccinated against the virus. States are wrestling with whether to
require that adolescents get the vaccine. And recent research found
that many more girls and women are infected with human papillomavirus
than was previously thought 锟?more than one-quarter of females ages
14 to 59.
Now the attention is turning to boys and men.
As many as 60% of men ages 18 to 70 are infected with HPV, according
to data not yet published, raising the question of whether the new
vaccine will be effective in reducing diseases linked to the virus
unless men, not just women, are immunized.
Several studies are underway to better understand the virus in males
and whether the new HPV vaccine, Gardasil, also will work for them.
As researchers already know and as the new data confirms, HPV is not
just a women's issue.
"With any transmittable disease, you want to understand the entire
cycle of how things spread," says Thomas Broker, an HPV expert and
professor of biochemical and molecular genetics at the University of
Alabama, Birmingham. "With HPV, men are clearly part of that
equation."
Human papillomavirus is best known for causing cervical cancer, with
about 9,700 cases diagnosed in women in the U.S. each year.
Gardasil, a three-shot regimen, was approved last year for girls and
women ages 9 to 26. It protects against four strains of the HPV virus
that are most likely to cause cervical cancer and genital warts in
women.
But much less is known about the consequences of HPV infection in men.
"We know they transmit it to women, but what is the rate of
transmission?" says Anna Giuliano, a researcher at the H. Lee Moffitt
Cancer Center and Research Institute in Tampa, Fla., who is leading
three government-funded studies on HPV infection in men. She is also
a paid speaker for Merck, the maker of Gardasil.
Several studies are attempting to address this question, as well as
ones about what strains of HPV are most common in men. New data show
that HPV infection is quite common in men of all ages, while the
highest rates of infection in women tend to occur in the early 20s
before declining and then spiking again in women in their 40s and 50s.
"We're seeing a really high prevalence in men, and we see little
change in prevalence across the age span," says Giuliano, who found
the 60% prevalence rate in one of her studies. That data will be
published later this spring in the journal Cancer Epidemiology
Biomarkers & Prevention. "We need to know if women in their 40s and
50s are acquiring new infections from their partners."
HPV infection isn't inconsequential in men. Certain strains of the
virus are known to cause genital warts in men as well as women.
And those infections are estimated to be the cause of about half of
all anal, penile, vulvar and vaginal cancers and about 20% of the
cause of all oral cancers, says Dr. Dean Blumberg, an associate
professor of pediatric infectious disease at UC Davis. Blumberg is a
member of Merck's speakers bureau but does not get paid directly by
Merck for his services. A speaker's bureau is a roster of experts who
provide educational lectures on particular topics.
About 28,000 Americans are diagnosed with oral cancers each year, and
about 4,650 are diagnosed with anal cancer. Penile cancer affects
about 1,500 men each year. Although the overall risk of those
diseases is low, anal cancer in gay and bisexual men has been rising
in recent years.
Worldwide, the consequences of HPV infection in both men and women
are even more severe than in the United States, notes Broker,
president of the nonprofit International Papillomavirus Society.
More women in developing countries die of cervical cancer than in the
United States, he says. Moreover, "we need to know how much real
disease men are getting. If you look worldwide, there are about
100,000 new cases of penile cancer each year."
HPV-related cancer is also more common in people who have compromised
immune systems, such as men who are HIV positive.
"This virus can cause cancers in a lot of different places," says
Blumberg. "But in terms of numbers, it doesn't compare to the number
of cervical cancer cases."
But even if reducing rates of cervical cancer was the singular goal
of HPV vaccination, some experts suggest that herd immunity 锟?br>
vaccinating everybody to reduce circulation of the virus in the
population 锟?will turn out to be the most successful approach.
"If you decrease HPV infection in men, then there will be decreased
transmission to women also," Blumberg says.
Merck is conducting studies of the vaccine's ability to prevent
infection in boys and men. Data on those trials may become available
later this year, and the company hopes to apply to market Gardasil to
boys and men some time next year.
Studies of Gardasil show that the vaccine provokes an even stronger
immune response in boys than in girls, which implies that the vaccine
will also prevent HPV infections, Blumberg says. But they have yet to
show that boys are protected from HPV infection at satisfactory
rates. Researchers are also examining whether the vaccine reduces
cases of anal cancer in gay men.
There is "no guarantee" an HPV vaccine will work in men, Broker says,
because the skin cells infected by the virus differ greatly in men
and women.
Some people aren't waiting for the results of those studies. High-
risk men, such as gay and bisexual men, are reportedly requesting and
receiving Gardasil vaccination from their physicians, Blumberg says.
Moreover, he says, "I've had nurses tell me they made sure their 15-
year-old son was vaccinated because they wanted to decrease the
chance of their future daughter-in-law having cervical cancer. They
felt strongly about it."
Historically, vaccination programs have had the most impact when they
are gender-neutral.
For example, when the rubella vaccine was introduced in the late
1960s, it was recommended initially for women of child-bearing age
because 锟?while anyone can become infected 锟?rubella in pregnant
women causes serious birth defects.
However, the campaign was only partially effective and eradication of
the disease was only achieved after the vaccine was recommended to
both boys and girls.
GlaxoSmithKline plans to seek Food and Drug Administration approval
next month for its HPV vaccine for girls and women, Cervarix.
And legislation requiring California girls to complete HPV
vaccination before entering seventh grade was introduced last week by
Assemblyman Edward Hernandez (D-West Covina). Another bill was
proposed that would require health insurers to cover the cost of the
vaccinations.
Lawmakers in as many as 20 other states have introduced similar
proposals. But mandatory vaccination of school-age girls has
generated controversy because some parents believe their daughters
will not be exposed to the virus or that having the vaccination might
encourage sexual activity.
Others object to mandating vaccination for something that is not
easily transmitted (unlike chickenpox or measles) and because the
shots are costly, about $360 for the series.
"Some people resent the fact that a mandate is targeting just one
gender," says Blumberg. "It does give the appearance of being unfair.
We don't have any other vaccine mandates that are gender specific."
'If you decrease HPV infection in men, then there will be decreased
transmission to women also.'
锟?Dr. Dean Blumberg
Associate professor of pediatric infectious disease at UC Davis
http://www.latimes.com/features/health/l...
hpv19mar19100914,1,2907724.story?coll=... |
