What are all of the ECG abnormalities and the physical problems they indicate?

Yikes!
That's like asking, "What are all the error messages you can get while working on a computer, and what causes all these problems to happen?"

It is amazing what an expert in ECG's can pick up with those 12 jiggling lines on a piece of paper.

They usually fall into categories, at least...(for example):
1) Rate problems - i.e. heart beating too fast or too slow, which could indicate all kinds of different pathology and disease, ranging from problems with the heart itself or any other medical problem that influences heart rate (thyroid problems, adrenal gland problems, vascular problems, and the list goes on...)

2) Rhythm problems - i.e. the heart not beating with regular beats, or taking too long between the atrium and the venticles, etc....which usually indicate problems in the heart, with the signal being blocked or paritally blocked. This could also be caused by a myriad of diseases

3) Axis problems - or the direction of the direction of electrical waves through a heart...altered by numerous diseases....

4) High voltage problems - as in hypertrophy...like in HTN, etc....

5) ST-T changes...as in ischemia and infarction...like for myocardial infarction, pulmonary emboli, etc, etc....

....and the list goes on and on and on...

There are HUGE books on this stuff, so you can't really answer this question in Yahoo Answers...

Not only that, all doctor's are trained to read ECGs through medical school and residency, but each only to a degree. Some ER and Family Medicine and Internal Medicine doctors are great at picking up the "common" things (infarctions, rate problems, rhythm problems, etc...), but for subtle things...a good cardiologist is needed.

So, I am not surprised that no one had even ventured to answer your question yet!

I tried to answer it a bit...

And a very brief overview of the complexitiy of ECG and some common changes and diseases associated can be found here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecg

Enjoy.

That question should be directed to a cardiologist. A qualified nurse that specializes in cardiac care can also help.

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