Are genetics defects associated with abnormalities of autosomes or of sex chromosomes?

Both.

Some gentics problems like fagile x and hemophilac are caused by the X sex homone. But other genetic problems can occur in the other chromosomes as well.

The one is the other chromosomes will show if the defect is a dominate trait (having 6 fingers is dominate) but others that are ressesive MUST have 2 ressesive traits (1 from mom and 1 from dad) to show like cyctic fibrosis.

Autosomes... because the sex chromosomes just tell weather it is a boy or girl

Someone already answered, both.

Examples of sex chromosome abnormalties:
Turner syndrome
Triple X syndrome
Klinefelter's syndrome
XYY syndrome

Examples of autosomal abnormalities:
Down syndrome
Edwards syndrome
Patau syndrome
Trisomy 9
Warkany syndrome 2
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome
Cri du chat
Angelman syndrome/Prader-Willi Syndrome

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